IQ (intellligence quotient)

An intelligence quotient, or IQ, is a score derived from one of several different standardized tests designed to assess intelligence. The term "IQ", from the German Intelligenz-Quotient, was coined by the German psychologist William Stern in 1912[1] as a proposed method of scoring early modern children's intelligence tests such as those developed by Alfred Binet and Théodore Simon in the early 20th Century.[2] Although the term "IQ" is still in common use, the scoring of modern IQ tests such as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale is now based on a projection of the subject's measured rank on the Gaussian bell curve with a center value (average IQ) of 100, and a standard deviation of 15, although different tests may have different standard deviations.

IQ scores have been shown to be associated with such factors as morbidity and mortality,[3] parental social status,[4] and to a substantial degree, parental IQ. While its inheritance has been investigated for nearly a century, controversy remains as to how much is inheritable, and the mechanisms of inheritance are still a matter of some debate.[5

IQ scores are used in many contexts: as predictors of educational achievement or special needs, by social scientists who study the distribution of IQ scores in populations and the relationships between IQ score and other variables, and as predictors of job performance and income

The average IQ scores for many populations have been rising at an average rate of three points per decade since the early 20th century with most of the increase in the lower half of the IQ range: a phenomenon called the Flynn effect. It is disputed whether these changes in scores reflect real changes in intellectual abilities, or merely methodological problems with past or present testing.

in indonesia

intelligence quotient, atau IQ, adalah skor yang diperoleh dari salah satu dari beberapa tes standar yang dirancang untuk menilai kecerdasan. Istilah "IQ", dari bahasa Jerman Intelligenz-Quotient, diciptakan oleh psikolog Jerman, William Stern pada tahun 1912 [1] sebagai metode yang diusulkan penilaian awal modern tes kecerdasan anak-anak seperti yang dikembangkan oleh Alfred Binet dan Théodore Simon di awal 20th Century. [2] Meskipun istilah "IQ" masih di umum digunakan, skor tes IQ modern seperti Skala Kecerdasan Dewasa Wechsler sekarang didasarkan pada proyeksi peringkat subjek diukur pada kurva lonceng Gaussian dengan pusat nilai (rata-rata IQ) 100, dan deviasi standar 15, meskipun tes yang berbeda mungkin memiliki deviasi standar yang berbeda.

Nilai IQ telah terbukti berhubungan dengan faktor-faktor seperti morbiditas dan kematian, [3] orangtua status sosial, [4] dan ke tingkat substansial, orangtua IQ. Sementara warisan telah diteliti selama hampir satu abad, kontroversi tetap bagaimana banyak yang diwariskan, dan mekanisme warisan masih masalah beberapa perdebatan. [5]

Nilai IQ digunakan dalam banyak konteks: sebagai prediksi prestasi pendidikan atau kebutuhan khusus, oleh ilmuwan sosial yang mempelajari distribusi nilai IQ di populasi dan hubungan antara nilai IQ dan variabel lain, dan sebagai alat prediksi kinerja pekerjaan dan pendapatan.

Rata-rata skor IQ untuk banyak populasi telah meningkat pada tingkat rata-rata tiga poin per dekade sejak awal abad ke-20 dengan sebagian besar peningkatan bagian bawah kisaran IQ: sebuah fenomena yang disebut efek Flynn. Hal ini diperdebatkan apakah perubahan ini mencerminkan nilai-nilai perubahan nyata pada kemampuan intelektual, atau hanya masalah metodologis dengan masa lalu atau saat pengujian.